Winslow Homer was born in Boston, Massachusetts, the second of the three children, all sons, of Henrietta Benson and Charles Savage Homer. His artistic education consisted chiefly of his apprenticeship to the Boston commercial lithographer John H. Bufford, and a few lessons in painting from Frédéric Rondel. Following his apprenticeship, Homer worked as a free-lance illustrator for such magazines as Harper’s Weekly.

In 1859 he moved to New York City, where he began his career as a painter. He visited the front lines during the Civil War, and his first important paintings were of Civil War subjects. In 1867 he spent a year in France. At Gloucester, Massachusetts, in 1873, he began to paint in watercolor. In 1875 he submitted his last drawing to Harper’s Weekly, ending his career as an illustrator. He traveled widely in the 1870s in New York State, to Virginia, and Massachusetts, and in 1881 he began a two-year stay in England, living in Cullercoats, near Newcastle.
Returning to America in 1883, he settled at Prout’s Neck, Maine, where he would live for the rest of his life. He continued to travel widely, to the Adirondacks, Canada, Bermuda, Florida, and the Caribbean, in all those places painting the watercolors upon which much of his later fame would be based. In 1890 he painted the first of the series of seascapes at Prout’s Neck that were the most admired of his late paintings in oil. Homer died in his Prout’s Neck studio on September 30, 1910. [This is an edited version of the artist’s biography published, or to be published, in the NGA Systematic Catalogue]

Bibliographic References
-Downes, William Howe. The Life and Works of Winslow Homer. Boston, 1911.
-Goodrich, Lloyd. Winslow Homer. New York, 1944.
-Gardner, Albert Ten Eyck. Winslow Homer, American Artist: His World and His Work. New York, 1961.
-Beam, Philip C. Winslow Homer at Prout’s Neck. Boston, 1966.
-Wilmerding, John. Winslow Homer. New York, 1972.
-Hendricks, Gordon. The Life and Work of Winslow Homer. New York, 1979.
-Cooper, Helen A. Winslow Homer Watercolors. Washington, D.C., 1986.
-Cikovsky, Nicolai, Jr. Winslow Homer. New York, 1989.
-Kelly, Franklin, with Nicolai Cikovsky, Jr., Deborah Chotner, and John Davis. American Paintings of the Nineteenth Century, Part I. The Collections of the National Gallery of Art Systematic Catalogue. Washington, D.C., 1996: 300-301.

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http://www.winslowhomer.org